In the mid 1980s, there was worldwide concern over damage to the ozone layer from the use of ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). These substances have important applications including refrigerants, heat transfer fluids and blowing agents for insulating foams. In 1987, the Montreal Protocol was adopted after the "ozone hole" was discovered over Antarctica. Since then, there have been many amendments to the Montreal Protocol affecting all aspects of the Protocol including phaseout schedules.

Under the Montreal Protocol, CFC use for new equipment has ceased in developed countries. HCFC usage has been capped and is scheduled to be phased out. Developing countries have agreed to phaseout schedules for both CFCs and HCFCs.

Many new technologies to replace CFCs and HCFCs have emerged with hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as one of the most popular. HFCs have zero ozone depletion potential (ODP). The heating, ventilating, air-conditioning and refrigerating (HVAC&R) industry is responding to the requirements of the Montreal Protocol in developing new technologies that do not contribute to ozone depletion and are energy efficient. Energy efficiency is a key issue because the burning of fossil fuels to generate electric power is considered a major greenhouse gas emitter.

Other technologies being investigated include expanded use of ammonia, hydrocarbons (flammable) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

HFCs are also greenhouse gases, which if released to the atmosphere, can contribute to global warming. CFCs and HCFCs are greenhouse gases as well however, their use is being phased out as per the Montreal Protocol so their contribution to global warming is considered less of an issue.

ASHRAE supports overall environmentally balanced solutions to atmospheric concerns. Actions taken to secure low or zero ozone-depleting solutions at the expense of energy efficiency would not represent a balanced approach.

ASHRAE will take a leading role in addressing ozone depleting substance use for refrigeration and air conditioning. ASHRAE’s activities are directed to the public’s benefit are independent of proprietary interests in specific applications and products.

ASHRAE will continue to conduct research on the development and application of HFCs and other alternative refrigerants (such as carbon dioxide) and alternative technologies. This research includes methods for improving the energy efficiency of all refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

To assist in the timely transition away from ozone-depleting substances to new alternatives, ASHRAE has placed two key industry standards on a continuous maintenance status – permitting incorporation of new technical developments on an accelerated basis. The two standards closely tied to the introduction of new refrigerants into the marketplace are Standard 34, "Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants," and Standard 15, "Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration."

To help ensure the "proper application" of Standard 15, "Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration," ASHRAE will publish a user’s manual to assist equipment manufacturers, design professionals, contractors and maintenance staff, building owners and operators and others in the proper installation, use and care of refrigeration systems.

ASHRAE, as an international organization, will lead in providing technical information to developing countries related to the phaseout of CFCs.

ASHRAE urges the implementation of worldwide conservation measures to minimize emissions of all refrigerants employing the latest technology, guidance documents and standards.

ASHRAE urges worldwide compliance with the provisions of the Montreal Protocol including its amendments and adjustments.

ASHRAE recommends that in order not to discourage the use of viable alternatives to CFCs, the current phaseout schedules of the Montreal Protocol should not be accelerated.

ASHRAE urges code-developing organizations and local code implementing authorities to adopt promptly provisions permitting new improved technologies and products (when shown to be safe and effective and when available commercially). Since the key to the implementation of new technical advances is well-informed code officials, technical updates must be provided. ASHRAE will participate actively in these code processes.

ASHRAE will provide information and technology to support voluntary actions and the development of public policy.

Revision Date: March 8, 2001

©2001 ASHRAE. All Rights reserved.